{"id":9420,"date":"2022-12-21T16:02:48","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T16:02:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/meet-anopheles-stephensi-the-mosquito-threatening-to-derail-malaria-prevention-efforts-in-africa\/"},"modified":"2023-11-06T13:26:25","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T13:26:25","slug":"meet-anopheles-stephensi-the-mosquito-threatening-to-derail-malaria-prevention-efforts-in-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/meet-anopheles-stephensi-the-mosquito-threatening-to-derail-malaria-prevention-efforts-in-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9couvrez Anopheles stephensi, le moustique qui menace de faire \u00e9chouer les efforts de pr\u00e9vention du paludisme en Afrique."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les efforts de lutte contre le paludisme en Afrique pourraient \u00eatre entrav\u00e9s par l’\u00e9mergence d’une esp\u00e8ce de moustique porteur du paludisme plus mortelle et plus r\u00e9sistante : Anopheles stephensi<\/em>. C’est une esp\u00e8ce envahissante moins connue qu’Anopheles gambiae<\/em>, Anopheles coluzzii et Anopheles arabiensis<\/em>, les vecteurs du paludisme les plus courants en Afrique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An. stephensi<\/em>, originaire de certaines parties de l’Asie du Sud et de la p\u00e9ninsule arabique, a \u00e9tendu son aire de r\u00e9partition en Afrique au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie. On rapporte qu’il prosp\u00e8re dans les milieux urbains, par rapport aux autres esp\u00e8ces de paludisme qui vivent plut\u00f4t dans les zones rurales. Sur son territoire d’origine, il est connu pour \u00eatre un vecteur efficace du paludisme, principalement parce qu’il peut transmettre les deux parasites qui causent la plupart des cas de paludisme chez l’homme, le Plasmodium vivax<\/em> et le Plasmodium falciparum<\/em>, plus mortel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Map showing spread of Anopheles stephensi<\/em> in Africa. Source: WHO<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Par rapport \u00e0 An. gambiae<\/em> qui prosp\u00e8re en milieu rural et en saison des pluies, An. stephensi<\/em> pr\u00e9f\u00e8re les conteneurs de stockage d’eau<\/a> fabriqu\u00e9s par l’homme, ce qui lui permet de survivre toute l’ann\u00e9e et de rester actif pendant les saisons s\u00e8ches. La recherche montre \u00e9galement qu’An. stephensi<\/em> pr\u00e9f\u00e8re se reposer dans des granges ou des hangars plut\u00f4t que dans des maisons, par cons\u00e9quent, les mesures de contr\u00f4le des moustiques, telles que les moustiquaires et la pulv\u00e9risation d’insecticide \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur, peuvent ne pas \u00eatre efficaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’arriv\u00e9e d’An. stephensi<\/em> en Afrique, initialement rep\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 Djibouti en 2012, a surpris le pays en raison des \u00e9normes progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par la nation vers l’\u00e9limination du paludisme. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rep\u00e9r\u00e9 au Soudan, en Somalie et au Nigeria<\/a>, mais il est possible qu’il soit \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sent dans d’autres pays. Un article r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9 dans Lancet Global Health<\/a> avertit que le paludisme pourrait se propager dans des pays o\u00f9 la maladie n’est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas end\u00e9mique et qu’il est urgent d’agir pour contr\u00f4ler la propagation de ce moustique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 supporter les saisons s\u00e8ches et \u00e0 prosp\u00e9rer en milieu urbain a suscit\u00e9 de vives inqui\u00e9tudes. Avec plus de 40% de la population africaine vivant en milieu urbain, une \u00e9tude de 2020 a estim\u00e9 que 126 millions de personnes suppl\u00e9mentaires seraient \u00e0 risque de paludisme \u00e0 cause du moustique An. stephensi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Nous en apprenons encore sur la pr\u00e9sence d’Anopheles stephensi <\/em>et son r\u00f4le dans la transmission du paludisme en Afrique \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9<\/a> le Dr Jan Kolaczinski, qui dirige l’unit\u00e9 de lutte antivectorielle et de r\u00e9sistance aux insecticides du Programme mondial de lutte contre le paludisme de l’OMS. \u00ab\u00a0Il est important de souligner que nous ne savons toujours pas jusqu’o\u00f9 l’esp\u00e8ce de moustique s’est d\u00e9j\u00e0 propag\u00e9e et \u00e0 quel point elle est ou pourrait \u00eatre un probl\u00e8me.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 a lanc\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e une nouvelle initiative<\/a> pour soutenir une r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9gionale efficace \u00e0 An. stephensi<\/em> gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une approche en cinq volets qui comprend l’augmentation de la collaboration, le renforcement de la surveillance, l’am\u00e9lioration de l’\u00e9change d’informations, l’\u00e9laboration d’orientations et la priorisation de la recherche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avec son potentiel de propagation rapide, les chercheurs et les autres acteurs de la sant\u00e9 doivent collaborer efficacement et rapidement. Les informations sur An. stephensi<\/em> doivent \u00eatre document\u00e9s et diffus\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s des organismes de sant\u00e9 nationaux et internationaux. Les programmes nationaux de lutte contre le paludisme ont besoin de conseils fond\u00e9s sur des donn\u00e9es probantes sur les moyens appropri\u00e9s de mener une surveillance, de mettre en \u0153uvre des mesures de contr\u00f4le et de consacrer des ressources \u00e0 leur r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 cette esp\u00e8ce. Enfin, sans connaissances sur cette esp\u00e8ce, qui seront acquises par la recherche, la lutte contre An. stephensi<\/em> ne r\u00e9ussira pas. La recherche aidera \u00e0 cartographier les plans de r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 ce vecteur invasif, ainsi qu’\u00e0 combiner les efforts de contr\u00f4le avec d’autres mesures de contr\u00f4le du paludisme en Afrique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les efforts de lutte contre le paludisme en Afrique pourraient \u00eatre entrav\u00e9s par l’\u00e9mergence d’une esp\u00e8ce de moustique porteur du paludisme plus mortelle et plus r\u00e9sistante : Anopheles stephensi. C’est une esp\u00e8ce envahissante moins connue qu’Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii et Anopheles arabiensis, les vecteurs du paludisme les plus courants en Afrique. An. stephensi, originaire de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":9396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","featured_image_focal_point":[],"_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[113],"profile_tax":[],"class_list":["post-9420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","country-ouganda","post_writers-patience-arinaitwe","post_writers-patience-arinaitwe-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9couvrez Anopheles stephensi, le moustique qui menace de faire \u00e9chouer les efforts de pr\u00e9vention du paludisme en Afrique. - Target Malaria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/meet-anopheles-stephensi-the-mosquito-threatening-to-derail-malaria-prevention-efforts-in-africa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez Anopheles stephensi, le moustique qui menace de faire \u00e9chouer les efforts de pr\u00e9vention du paludisme en Afrique. - Target Malaria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les efforts de lutte contre le paludisme en Afrique pourraient \u00eatre entrav\u00e9s par l’\u00e9mergence d’une esp\u00e8ce de moustique porteur du paludisme plus mortelle et plus r\u00e9sistante : Anopheles stephensi. C’est une esp\u00e8ce envahissante moins connue qu’Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii et Anopheles arabiensis, les vecteurs du paludisme les plus courants en Afrique. 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