{"id":8272,"date":"2022-08-03T09:03:20","date_gmt":"2022-08-03T08:03:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\/"},"modified":"2025-08-29T08:57:14","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T07:57:14","slug":"overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\/","title":{"rendered":"Combler les lacunes du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age g\u00e9nomique pour caract\u00e9riser pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment une souche de moustique g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome des vecteurs du paludisme a permis aux scientifiques d\u2019\u00e9tablir une feuille de route pour identifier l\u2019emplacement des sites potentiels d\u2019insertion de transg\u00e8nes. Cependant, la pr\u00e9cision de cette proc\u00e9dure est compromise par des s\u00e9quences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es, non annot\u00e9es et fragment\u00e9es dans le g\u00e9nome des vecteurs. Par exemple, on estime que 33\u00a0% du g\u00e9nome d\u2019Anopheles gambiae est compos\u00e9 de s\u00e9quences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente<\/a>, publi\u00e9e dans Pathogens and Global Health, mes coll\u00e8gues de l\u2019Imperial College London<\/a>, du Polo GGB<\/a>, du King’ s College London<\/a>, et moi-m\u00eame avons utilis\u00e9 plusieurs m\u00e9thodes pour caract\u00e9riser et identifier en d\u00e9tail les sites d\u2019insertion de transg\u00e8nes dans la souche de moustiques m\u00e2les biais\u00e9s<\/a> g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s sans impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. Cette souche constitue une \u00e9tape interm\u00e9diaire<\/a> vers le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un moustique avec impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique en tant qu\u2019outil de lutte contre le paludisme et la caract\u00e9risation mol\u00e9culaire du transg\u00e8ne soutiendra la pr\u00e9diction de la dynamique de cette modification dans les populations cibles potentielles sur le terrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Figure: Hybridation in situ par fluorescence (FISH) sur des chromosomes polyt\u00e8nes chromosomes des cellules nourrici\u00e8res ovariennes de moustiques m\u00e2les biais\u00e9s sans impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. A montre un aper\u00e7u des autosomes diss\u00e9qu\u00e9s d’Anopheles gambiae (chromosome 2R, 2L, 3R, 3L). B La microscopie \u00e0 fluorescence montre les chromosomes (en vert) et le signal (en rouge et indiqu\u00e9 par une fl\u00e8che) qui marque le site d’insertion du transg\u00e8ne \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du centrom\u00e8re du chromosome 2R.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans cette \u00e9tude, nous avons combin\u00e9 des techniques novatrices de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age et d\u2019\u00e9chafaudage1<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0: analyse par s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome entier (WGS), Southern blot (buvardage de Southern), hybridation in situ par fluorescence (FISH) et r\u00e9action de polym\u00e9rase en cha\u00eene (PCR) pour identifier une insertion unique du transg\u00e8ne avec insertion sur un seul chromosome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La combinaison de ces m\u00e9thodes a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la modification se trouvait sur un chromosome diff\u00e9rent de celui d\u00e9crit pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment dans Galizi, 2014<\/a>. Ces r\u00e9sultats nous ont permis de conclure que la PCR inverse, qui produit des s\u00e9quences d\u2019accompagnement relativement courtes, est sans doute moins appropri\u00e9e pour des s\u00e9quences d\u2019ADN longues hautement r\u00e9p\u00e9titives (>700\u00a0pb) pour v\u00e9rifier l\u2019identification correcte des sites d\u2019implantation des transg\u00e8nes. En outre, l\u2019analyse FISH, qui ne repose pas sur des s\u00e9quences d\u2019ADN, peut \u00eatre un outil tr\u00e8s puissant pour identifier plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la localisation chromosomique des transg\u00e8nes dans les r\u00e9gions non annot\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces r\u00e9sultats sont importants et montrent que la combinaison de diverses techniques de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age et de non-s\u00e9quen\u00e7age<\/strong> peut aider d\u2019autres chercheurs \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper de nouvelles cibles pour la lutte antivectorielle, l\u2019analyse hors cible et la caract\u00e9risation des sites d\u2019insertion de souches g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019OMS a soulign\u00e9 dans son \u00ab\u00a0Cadre d\u2019orientation pour l\u2019\u00e9valuation des moustiques g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb que, pour tout organisme g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9 dont la diss\u00e9mination est envisag\u00e9e, une caract\u00e9risation mol\u00e9culaire du transg\u00e8ne et de ses r\u00e9gions d\u2019ADN voisines est essentielle \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation de son innocuit\u00e9 et \u00e0 sa surveillance apr\u00e8s la diss\u00e9mination. Cette \u00e9tude r\u00e9v\u00e8le un ensemble de m\u00e9thodes concr\u00e8tes qui pourraient soutenir cet effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

1<\/a><\/sup> L\u2019\u00e9chafaudage est une technique utilis\u00e9e en bio-informatique. Elle est d\u00e9finie comme suit\u00a0: lier ensemble une s\u00e9rie non contigu\u00eb de s\u00e9quences g\u00e9nomiques pour former un \u00e9chafaudage, constitu\u00e9 de s\u00e9quences s\u00e9par\u00e9es par des intervalles de longueur connue. Les s\u00e9quences qui sont li\u00e9es sont typiquement des s\u00e9quences contigu\u00ebs correspondant \u00e0 des chevauchements de lecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome des vecteurs du paludisme a permis aux scientifiques d\u2019\u00e9tablir une feuille de route pour identifier l\u2019emplacement des sites potentiels d\u2019insertion de transg\u00e8nes. Cependant, la pr\u00e9cision de cette proc\u00e9dure est compromise par des s\u00e9quences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es, non annot\u00e9es et fragment\u00e9es dans le g\u00e9nome des vecteurs. Par exemple, on estime que 33\u00a0% du g\u00e9nome […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":7904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","featured_image_focal_point":[],"_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[113],"profile_tax":[],"class_list":["post-8272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","post_writers-silke-fuchs","post_writers-silke-fuchs-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCombler les lacunes du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age g\u00e9nomique pour caract\u00e9riser pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment une souche de moustique g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9 - Target Malaria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Combler les lacunes du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age g\u00e9nomique pour caract\u00e9riser pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment une souche de moustique g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9 - Target Malaria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome des vecteurs du paludisme a permis aux scientifiques d\u2019\u00e9tablir une feuille de route pour identifier l\u2019emplacement des sites potentiels d\u2019insertion de transg\u00e8nes. Cependant, la pr\u00e9cision de cette proc\u00e9dure est compromise par des s\u00e9quences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es, non annot\u00e9es et fragment\u00e9es dans le g\u00e9nome des vecteurs. Par exemple, on estime que 33\u00a0% du g\u00e9nome […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Target Malaria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TargetMalariaGlobal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-03T08:03:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-29T07:57:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/headshot-Silke-Fuchs-scaled-e1652797147406.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2144\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2054\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lorraine Gibson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TargetMalaria\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TargetMalaria\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lorraine Gibson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/latest\\\/blog\\\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/latest\\\/blog\\\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lorraine Gibson\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/492d9f8e39a2bb31b5ac1b64b7581bb0\"},\"headline\":\"Combler les lacunes du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age g\u00e9nomique pour caract\u00e9riser pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment une souche de moustique g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-03T08:03:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-29T07:57:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/latest\\\/blog\\\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":697,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/latest\\\/blog\\\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/headshot-Silke-Fuchs-scaled-e1652797147406.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/latest\\\/blog\\\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/latest\\\/blog\\\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\\\/\",\"name\":\"Combler les lacunes du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age g\u00e9nomique pour caract\u00e9riser pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment une souche de moustique g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9 - 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Target Malaria","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/overcoming-genome-sequencing-gaps-to-accurately-characterise-a-genetically-modified-mosquito-strain\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Combler les lacunes du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age g\u00e9nomique pour caract\u00e9riser pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment une souche de moustique g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9 - Target Malaria","og_description":"Le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome des vecteurs du paludisme a permis aux scientifiques d\u2019\u00e9tablir une feuille de route pour identifier l\u2019emplacement des sites potentiels d\u2019insertion de transg\u00e8nes. 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