{"id":6423,"date":"2021-06-09T20:34:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T19:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/?p=6423"},"modified":"2023-08-15T15:01:20","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T14:01:20","slug":"laying-the-groundwork-for-a-community-agreement-framework-for-gene-drive-research-in-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/laying-the-groundwork-for-a-community-agreement-framework-for-gene-drive-research-in-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e9paratifs pour le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un cadre d\u2019accord des communaut\u00e9s vis-\u00e0-vis de la recherche sur l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique en Afrique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Les technologies novatrices de lutte anti-vectorielle telles que celles d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es actuellement par Target Malaria demandent aux chercheurs et aux parties prenantes de relever de nombreux d\u00e9fis in\u00e9dits. L\u2019un des plus marquants est la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tablir un cadre d\u2019accord pour les communaut\u00e9s qui seraient directement affect\u00e9es par un l\u00e2cher de moustiques g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s, y compris les moustiques renfermant une impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le cadre d\u2019orientation pour l\u2019\u00e9valuation des moustiques g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s de l\u2019OMS<\/a> reconna\u00eet clairement que l\u2019accord individuel n\u2019est pas appropri\u00e9 pour la recherche sur l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, car la simple proximit\u00e9 des moustiques ne signifie pas que la personne devient un \u00ab\u00a0sujet humain\u00a0\u00bb. De plus, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que des membres d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 vivant \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019un site potentiel d\u2019\u00e9valuation de terrain ne seraient pas en mesure d\u2019opter pour \u00ab\u00a0ne pas participer \u00bb individuellement aux essais, il serait n\u00e9cessaire que tout l\u00e2cher de moustiques g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s \u00e0 impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique soit approuv\u00e9 collectivement par la communaut\u00e9 avant qu\u2019il soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 intervenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que dans d\u2019autres domaines il existe de nombreuses orientations concernant l\u2019accord des communaut\u00e9s, en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 publique les ressources sont assez rares pour d\u00e9crire les processus, les mod\u00e8les et les pratiques d\u00e9cisionnels permettant aux communaut\u00e9s de donner ou non cet accord, de mani\u00e8re responsable, r\u00e9active et appropri\u00e9e au contexte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pour combler ces lacunes, Target Malaria en partenariat avec le Kenya Medical Research Institute<\/a> (KEMRI) et la Pan African Mosquito Control Association<\/a> (PAMCA), a organis\u00e9 durant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2020 un atelier et un exercice de consultation rassemblant des chercheurs, sp\u00e9cialistes de bio\u00e9thique et universitaires d\u2019Afrique, d\u2019Europe et d\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord. L\u2019objectif \u00e9tait que les chercheurs et praticiens r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissent \u00e0 leur exp\u00e9rience et tentent d\u2019identifier des bonnes pratiques possibles pour obtenir l\u2019accord des communaut\u00e9s vis-\u00e0-vis de la recherche sur l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique en Afrique, en d\u00e9terminant quelle zones d\u2019incertitudes m\u00e9riteraient un approfondissement ou d\u2019autres d\u00e9lib\u00e9rations. Le compte-rendu de cet atelier<\/a> est d\u00e9sormais accessible en lecture sur la plateforme Gates Open Research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019atelier s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9 sous la forme \u00e0 la fois de webinaires et de r\u00e9unions en ligne, ainsi que des discussions dans un forum en ligne, pour permettre la plus grande participation possible et contourner les al\u00e9as des fuseaux horaires et de programmations conflictuelles en ces temps de pand\u00e9mie. Les \u00e9changes \u00e9taient regroup\u00e9s sous trois grandes th\u00e9matiques : \u00ab Repr\u00e9sentation et l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 \u00bb, \u00ab Responsabilisation \u00bb, et \u00ab Consid\u00e9rations op\u00e9rationnelles \u00bb, qui ont toutes \u00e9clair\u00e9 le th\u00e8me des \u00ab Bonnes pratiques \u00bb. Les participants ont pu en retirer des \u00e9l\u00e9ments cl\u00e9s ayant trait \u00e0 la terminologie conceptuelle, l\u2019identification des parties prenantes, l\u2019engagement avec les parties prenantes oppos\u00e9es, et l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de m\u00e9canismes ind\u00e9pendants de surveillance. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments ont enfin servi \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un \u00ab mod\u00e8le op\u00e9rationnel \u00bb visuel d\u00e9crivant les pr\u00e9requis pour un engagement r\u00e9ussi des communaut\u00e9s et les principales activit\u00e9s et acteurs pertinents \u00e0 chaque \u00e9tape du processus d\u2019engagement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours des conversations, les participants ont pu \u00e9galement r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux domaines n\u00e9cessitant un approfondissement, par exemple comment veiller \u00e0 une surveillance et une \u00e9valuation qui soient suffisamment ind\u00e9pendantes, quels seraient les crit\u00e8res et r\u00e9f\u00e9rences appropri\u00e9s pour une telle \u00e9valuation et comment d\u00e9finir et d\u00e9limiter les communaut\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Target Malaria teams in Burkina Faso carry out engagement activities with local communities<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ce travail viendra alimenter les activit\u00e9s futures d\u2019engagement des parties prenantes de Target Malaria, et repr\u00e9sente une \u00e9tape cruciale dans le processus d\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un mod\u00e8le l\u00e9gitime et appropri\u00e9 pour l\u2019engagement des parties prenantes et l\u2019accord des communaut\u00e9s qui soit applicable \u00e0 toute ultime \u00e9valuation de terrain des technologies d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es par le projet. C\u2019est aussi un moyen permettant aux trois organisations co-h\u00f4tes de favoriser une communaut\u00e9 de pratiques au sein des experts en Afrique et ailleurs, avec une compr\u00e9hension commune des concepts, des d\u00e9fis et des incertitudes li\u00e9s \u00e0 ces sujets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les technologies novatrices de lutte anti-vectorielle telles que celles d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es actuellement par Target Malaria demandent aux chercheurs et aux parties prenantes de relever de nombreux d\u00e9fis in\u00e9dits. L\u2019un des plus marquants est la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tablir un cadre d\u2019accord pour les communaut\u00e9s qui seraient directement affect\u00e9es par un l\u00e2cher de moustiques g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s, y compris les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":5906,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","featured_image_focal_point":[],"_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[113],"profile_tax":[],"class_list":["post-6423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","post_writers-charles-mbogo","post_writers-charles-mbogo-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPr\u00e9paratifs pour le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un cadre d\u2019accord des communaut\u00e9s vis-\u00e0-vis de la recherche sur l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique en Afrique - Target Malaria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/laying-the-groundwork-for-a-community-agreement-framework-for-gene-drive-research-in-africa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pr\u00e9paratifs pour le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un cadre d\u2019accord des communaut\u00e9s vis-\u00e0-vis de la recherche sur l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique en Afrique - Target Malaria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les technologies novatrices de lutte anti-vectorielle telles que celles d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es actuellement par Target Malaria demandent aux chercheurs et aux parties prenantes de relever de nombreux d\u00e9fis in\u00e9dits. 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