{"id":23180,"date":"2025-11-05T10:18:35","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T10:18:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/?p=23180"},"modified":"2025-11-05T16:16:49","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T16:16:49","slug":"new-study-on-cluster-randomised-controlled-trials-for-mosquito-release-interventions-such-as-gene-drive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/new-study-on-cluster-randomised-controlled-trials-for-mosquito-release-interventions-such-as-gene-drive\/","title":{"rendered":"Une nouvelle \u00e9tude sur les essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s\u00a0 en grappes\u00a0(CRCT) pour les interventions de\u00a0l\u00e2cher de moustiques,\u00a0telles que l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Post\u00e9 le 05 novembre 2025<\/div>
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Par Penelope Hancock<\/h6>

Chercheur en g\u00e9nie math\u00e9matique, Imperial College London<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

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Les nouvelles technologies visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les populations de moustiques vecteurs\u00a0de maladies consistent \u00e0 l\u00e2cher des moustiques m\u00e2les modifi\u00e9s dans les environnements naturels.\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L’une de ces technologies est la technique de l’insecte st\u00e9rile (TIS), qui consiste \u00e0 l\u00e2cher des moustiques m\u00e2les st\u00e9rilis\u00e9s par irradiation. Un autre exemple est celui des moustiques g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s, notamment les moustiques \u00e0 impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, qui constituent un outil potentiel pour lutter contre le paludisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les interventions de l\u00e2cher de moustiques conna\u00eet une croissance rapide, stimul\u00e9 par l’augmentation r\u00e9cente des cas de maladies transmises par les moustiques \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle mondiale et le ralentissement des progr\u00e8s dans la lutte contre le paludisme. Des essais r\u00e9cents sur le terrain ont montr\u00e9 que ces technologies sont tr\u00e8s efficaces pour r\u00e9duire l’incidence de la dengue, mais tr\u00e8s peu d’essais sur le terrain ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9s pour tester leur efficacit\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9duction du paludisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une nouvelle \u00e9tude intitul\u00e9e \u00ab Requirements for designing cluster randomised control trials to detect suppression of malaria vector<\/a> \u00bb (Exigences pour la conception d’essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s en grappes afin de d\u00e9tecter la suppression des vecteurs du paludisme), nos \u00e9quipes de recherche au Burkina Faso et au Royaume-Uni ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 comment \u00e9valuer l’efficacit\u00e9 d’une intervention visant \u00e0 supprimer les populations de vecteurs du paludisme \u00e0 l’aide d’essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s en grappes (CRCT).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s en grappes (CRCT) sont la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en mati\u00e8re d’\u00e9valuation de l’efficacit\u00e9 d’une intervention, car ils comparent les performances de l’intervention dans une s\u00e9rie de grappes ou de communaut\u00e9s qui en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient \u00e0 celles d’autres qui n’en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas et servent de contr\u00f4le. Si l’efficacit\u00e9 des interventions de l\u00e2cher de moustiques pouvait \u00eatre d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par un CRCT, cela constituerait une avanc\u00e9e majeure pour ces nouvelles technologies de lutte contre les vecteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans notre \u00e9tude, nous avons utilis\u00e9 un riche ensemble de donn\u00e9es sur la densit\u00e9 des populations de moustiques collect\u00e9es sur des sites de terrain dans l’ouest du Burkina Faso afin de d\u00e9velopper des mod\u00e8les statistiques pour \u00e9clairer la conception de CRCT dans l\u2019optique de r\u00e9duire les populations de moustiques vecteurs du paludisme. En tenant compte de la variabilit\u00e9 naturelle de la densit\u00e9 des moustiques au fil du temps et entre diff\u00e9rents endroits, nous avons \u00e9tudi\u00e9 comment concevoir efficacement des essais afin que l’effet suppressif de l’intervention puisse \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9 avec un effort d’\u00e9chantillonnage minimal. Nous avons constat\u00e9 qu’il suffisait de 20 \u00e0 21 grappes pour d\u00e9tecter un effet de suppression de 50 %, tandis que 9 \u00e0 10 grappes \u00e9taient n\u00e9cessaires pour d\u00e9tecter un effet de suppression plus important de 90 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette recherche arrive \u00e0 point nomm\u00e9 pour contribuer \u00e0 la conception d’essais sur le terrain de l\u00e2chers de l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, qui sont en cours de planification. Les conceptions CRCT ne n\u00e9cessitent pas un grand nombre de grappes pour d\u00e9tecter des effets de suppression mod\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00e9lev\u00e9s agissant sur les populations d\u2019An. Gambiae<\/em>, un des vecteurs du paludisme<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’un des d\u00e9fis de la conception d’essais sur le terrain de l\u00e2chers de moustiques \u00e0 impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique concerne la propagation spatiale de l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, due \u00e0 la dispersion des moustiques. Cela pourrait potentiellement transporter l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des sites de l\u00e2chers vers les grappes de contr\u00f4le, provoquant un \u00ab d\u00e9bordement \u00bb qui pourrait compromettre la conception de l’\u00e9tude. La prochaine phase de notre travail consistera \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des mod\u00e8les math\u00e9matiques pour pr\u00e9dire la propagation spatiale de l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et son impact potentiel sur les performances des CRCT. Cela permettra d’affiner la conception des CRCT et nous aidera \u00e0 s\u00e9lectionner une disposition spatiale des grappes afin d’att\u00e9nuer l’influence du d\u00e9bordement sur les r\u00e9sultats des essais.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"Animated
An animation simulating the spread of a gene drive in a mosquito population. Credit Ace North <\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les nouvelles technologies visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les populations de moustiques vecteurs\u00a0de maladies consistent \u00e0 l\u00e2cher des moustiques m\u00e2les modifi\u00e9s dans les environnements naturels.\u00a0 L’une de ces technologies est la technique de l’insecte st\u00e9rile (TIS), qui consiste \u00e0 l\u00e2cher des moustiques m\u00e2les st\u00e9rilis\u00e9s par irradiation. Un autre exemple est celui des moustiques g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s, notamment les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":23177,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","featured_image_focal_point":[],"_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[113],"profile_tax":[],"class_list":["post-23180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","country-europe-fr-2","country-royaume-uni","post_writers-penelope-hancock-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUne nouvelle \u00e9tude sur les essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s\u00a0 en grappes\u00a0(CRCT) pour les interventions de\u00a0l\u00e2cher de moustiques,\u00a0telles que l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique - Target Malaria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/new-study-on-cluster-randomised-controlled-trials-for-mosquito-release-interventions-such-as-gene-drive\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une nouvelle \u00e9tude sur les essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s\u00a0 en grappes\u00a0(CRCT) pour les interventions de\u00a0l\u00e2cher de moustiques,\u00a0telles que l\u2019impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique - Target Malaria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les nouvelles technologies visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les populations de moustiques vecteurs\u00a0de maladies consistent \u00e0 l\u00e2cher des moustiques m\u00e2les modifi\u00e9s dans les environnements naturels.\u00a0 L’une de ces technologies est la technique de l’insecte st\u00e9rile (TIS), qui consiste \u00e0 l\u00e2cher des moustiques m\u00e2les st\u00e9rilis\u00e9s par irradiation. 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