{"id":21532,"date":"2025-07-17T09:00:25","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T08:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/?p=21532"},"modified":"2025-07-17T09:01:22","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T08:01:22","slug":"heat-waves-europes-new-normal-and-the-potential-future-rise-of-malaria-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/heat-waves-europes-new-normal-and-the-potential-future-rise-of-malaria-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Vagues de chaleur : la nouvelle norme en Europe et la recrudescence potentielle du paludisme en Europe\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"
Post\u00e9 le 17 juillet 2025<\/div>
\"ChloeCole2\"<\/figure>
Par Chloe Cole<\/h6>

Assistante en communication – relations avec les m\u00e9dias, Imperial College London
\r\nTarget Malaria UK<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

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Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les discussions sur l’augmentation des cas de paludisme due au changement climatique ont presque exclusivement port\u00e9 sur l’Afrique subsaharienne.<\/a> Selon les projections, entre 2030 et 2049, la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures pourrait entra\u00eener 550 000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s suppl\u00e9mentaires dus au paludisme dans cette r\u00e9gion.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Avec des temp\u00e9ratures record dans toute l’Europe<\/a> et la propagation de maladies transmises par les moustiques, le retour du paludisme dans cette r\u00e9gion devient une possibilit\u00e9 probable.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours des derniers \u00e9t\u00e9s, nous avons connu des vagues de chaleur sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, m\u00eame dans des climats traditionnellement doux comme celui du Royaume-Uni, o\u00f9 les temp\u00e9ratures ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les 40 \u00b0C<\/a>. Ces conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames pourraient cr\u00e9er des conditions optimales<\/a> pour les maladies transmises par les moustiques.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

On observe une augmentation des cas locaux de maladies transmises par les moustiques. Certains climatologues estiment que des maladies telles que la dengue, le chikungunya et le virus du Nil occidental, qui touchent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les r\u00e9gions tropicales, pourraient bient\u00f4t devenir end\u00e9miques en Europe.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, l’Europe a enregistr\u00e9 304 cas locaux de dengue, dont la plupart provenaient d’Italie<\/a>. La France a d\u00e9j\u00e0 connu 7 \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de chikungunya<\/a> cet \u00e9t\u00e9, ainsi que plusieurs \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de dengue au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Cette ann\u00e9e, des cas de virus du Nil occidental ont m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s pour la premi\u00e8re fois au Royaume-Uni<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu’il n’y ait pas eu de cas end\u00e9miques de paludisme en Europe (contrairement aux cas import\u00e9s par des personnes ayant voyag\u00e9 dans des r\u00e9gions end\u00e9miques), les vagues de chaleur estivales pourraient changer la donne. Le moustique Anopheles<\/em> se reproduit dans des environnements chauds et humides<\/a>. Son cycle de vie, de l’\u0153uf \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge adulte, s’acc\u00e9l\u00e8re consid\u00e9rablement lorsque les temp\u00e9ratures se maintiennent entre 15,4 et 35 \u00b0C<\/a>. Les vagues de chaleur prolongent cette p\u00e9riode, permettant \u00e0 davantage de moustiques d’\u00e9clore et d’atteindre leur maturit\u00e9 au cours d’une saison<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que le paludisme ait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9radiqu\u00e9 en Europe il y a 50 ans<\/a> et que l’Italie ait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e exempte de paludisme par l’Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 en 1970<\/a>, 2024 a vu le retour de cas import\u00e9s en Italie<\/a>. Les entomologistes italiens ont \u00e9galement red\u00e9couvert r\u00e9cemment un vecteur<\/a> du paludisme, l’Anopheles<\/em> sacharovi<\/em>, dans le pays. Il s’agit de la premi\u00e8re observation de cette esp\u00e8ce depuis plus de 50 ans.<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cela montre que des r\u00e9gions autrefois consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme exemptes de paludisme peuvent \u00e0 nouveau \u00eatre vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 cette maladie. Les changements climatiques et le comportement des moustiques rendent les r\u00e9gions plus \u00e9loign\u00e9es de l’Equateur, comme l’Italie, vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 la transmission du paludisme. Cette tendance souligne l’urgence d’investir dans de nouvelles technologies de pr\u00e9vention, d’autant plus que les m\u00e9thodes traditionnelles, telles que les insecticides et les moustiquaires, sont de moins en moins efficaces en raison de l’augmentation de la r\u00e9sistance aux<\/a> insecticides et aux m\u00e9dicaments et du changement de comportement des moustiques li\u00e9 au r\u00e9chauffement climatique.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Selon The Global Fund<\/a>, investir dans la lutte contre les maladies \u00e0 transmission vectorielle, comme le paludisme, est l’un des moyens les plus efficaces pour les pays de se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 de futures pand\u00e9mies. Des investissements dans seulement 100 pays<\/a> peuvent aider \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter, suivre et contenir de nouvelles \u00e9pid\u00e9mies dans le monde entier avant qu’elles ne se transforment en pand\u00e9mies. Historiquement, les maladies ont toujours travers\u00e9 les fronti\u00e8res et, sans investissements urgents dans de nouveaux outils, le risque de r\u00e9apparition du paludisme en Europe pourrait \u00eatre imminent. La lutte contre le paludisme est dans l’int\u00e9r\u00eat de tous, car les maladies ne connaissent pas de fronti\u00e8res.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les discussions sur l’augmentation des cas de paludisme due au changement climatique ont presque exclusivement port\u00e9 sur l’Afrique subsaharienne. Selon les projections, entre 2030 et 2049, la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures pourrait entra\u00eener 550 000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s suppl\u00e9mentaires dus au paludisme dans cette r\u00e9gion. Avec des temp\u00e9ratures record dans toute l’Europe et la propagation […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","featured_image_focal_point":[],"_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[113],"profile_tax":[],"class_list":["post-21532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","country-royaume-uni","post_writers-chloe-cole-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVagues de chaleur : la nouvelle norme en Europe et la recrudescence potentielle du paludisme en Europe\u00a0 - Target Malaria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/heat-waves-europes-new-normal-and-the-potential-future-rise-of-malaria-in-europe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vagues de chaleur : la nouvelle norme en Europe et la recrudescence potentielle du paludisme en Europe\u00a0 - Target Malaria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les discussions sur l’augmentation des cas de paludisme due au changement climatique ont presque exclusivement port\u00e9 sur l’Afrique subsaharienne. 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