{"id":18173,"date":"2024-09-11T12:32:39","date_gmt":"2024-09-11T11:32:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/latest\/actus\/can-the-anopheles-gambiae-mosquito-pollinate-a-scientific-exploration\/"},"modified":"2024-09-11T16:34:23","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T15:34:23","slug":"can-the-anopheles-gambiae-mosquito-pollinate-a-scientific-exploration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/can-the-anopheles-gambiae-mosquito-pollinate-a-scientific-exploration\/","title":{"rendered":"Le moustique Anopheles gambiae peut-il polliniser ? Une exploration scientifique\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le bourdonnement aigu d&rsquo;un moustique \u00e9voque g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les piq\u00fbres qui d\u00e9mangent et la maladie mortelle qu&rsquo;est le paludisme, ainsi que d&rsquo;autres infections virales comme la dengue, le zika et le chikungunya. Si ces associations sont bien connues, on sait moins que les moustiques peuvent \u00eatre des mangeurs occasionnels de plantes.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les moustiques m\u00e2les et femelles de diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces se nourrissent des fluides des plantes et certains contribuent m\u00eame \u00e0 la pollinisation. Les esp\u00e8ces de moustiques <em>Culex<\/em> et <em>Aedes<\/em> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es comme se nourrissant de nectar floral et contribuant \u00e0 la pollinisation des plantes, mais il n&rsquo;y avait aucune preuve scientifique sugg\u00e9rant qu&rsquo;<em>Anopheles<\/em> <em>gambiae<\/em> jouait un r\u00f4le dans la pollinisation. D&rsquo;autres \u00e9tudes scientifiques doivent \u00eatre entreprises.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Enqu\u00eate sur les moustiques dans la nature<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour explorer ce potentiel, j&rsquo;ai men\u00e9 une \u00e9tude approfondie dans deux villages du Ghana o\u00f9 le paludisme est end\u00e9mique. Plus de 608 heures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 la recherche d&rsquo;interactions entre <em>Anopheles gambiae<\/em> et les fleurs. Le r\u00e9sultat de cette observation a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 qu&rsquo;aucune interaction de ce type n&rsquo;a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e. Pas un seul <em>Anopheles gambiae<\/em> n&rsquo;a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu sur une fleur. En revanche, quelques esp\u00e8ces de <em>Culex<\/em> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es sur les p\u00e9tales et les feuilles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"347\" src=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic1-1024x347.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic1-1024x347.png 1024w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic1-425x144.png 425w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic1-768x260.png 768w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic1-1536x521.png 1536w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic1-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic1.png 1743w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em><sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Esp\u00e8ces de moustiques Culex rep\u00e9r\u00e9es sur diverses parties de plantes dans la nature<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour approfondir cette question, 709 moustiques <em>Anopheles gambiae<\/em> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9s &#8211; 246 dans des environnements int\u00e9rieurs et 463 \u00e0 l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur, par exemple sous des feuilles, dans des maisons abandonn\u00e9es et parmi des blocs emball\u00e9s. Ces moustiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9s au microscope optique \u00e0 la recherche de grains de pollen, mais aucun n&rsquo;a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exp\u00e9riences contr\u00f4l\u00e9es : Test du potentiel de pollinisation<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour d\u00e9terminer si <em>Anopheles gambiae<\/em> peut ramasser du pollen dans un environnement contr\u00f4l\u00e9, 120 moustiques <em>Anopheles gambiae<\/em> nouvellement \u00e9merg\u00e9s et non nourris ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s aux fleurs de 11 esp\u00e8ces de plantes diff\u00e9rentes dans des cages. Les moustiques ont visit\u00e9 toutes les fleurs mises \u00e0 leur disposition pendant la nuit.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"240\" data-id=\"18164\" src=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic4-1024x240.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic4-1024x240.png 1024w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic4-425x100.png 425w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic4-768x180.png 768w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic4-1536x360.png 1536w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic4-2048x480.png 2048w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic4-300x70.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em><sub>An. gambiae visitant des fleurs en laboratoire<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lors de l&rsquo;examen du lendemain matin, certains moustiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9s avec des grains de pollen, principalement attach\u00e9s \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion de la t\u00eate (antennes et pi\u00e8ces buccales), \u00e0 l&rsquo;abdomen et aux pattes.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"305\" data-id=\"18166\" src=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic7-1024x305.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic7-1024x305.png 1024w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic7-425x127.png 425w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic7-768x229.png 768w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic7-1536x458.png 1536w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic7-2048x610.png 2048w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic7-300x89.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em><sub>\u00a0\u00a0 Pollen attach\u00e9 \u00e0 An. gambiae au microscope optique (x100).<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sources d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie et visite des fleurs<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience suivante visait \u00e0 comprendre comment <em>Anopheles gambiae<\/em> se procure de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie s&rsquo;il ne visite pas fr\u00e9quemment les fleurs. Les moustiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits dans les branches des 11 m\u00eames esp\u00e8ces de plantes, et leurs visites aux diff\u00e9rentes parties de la plante ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"527\" height=\"396\" src=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18168\" style=\"width:379px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic10.png 527w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic10-425x319.png 425w, https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic10-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em><sub>Branches de plantes avec inflorescence dans une cage dans laquelle An. gambiae a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit.<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 que la plupart des moustiques pr\u00e9f\u00e9raient visiter les feuilles (90 visites) et les n\u0153uds (54 visites) plut\u00f4t que les fleurs (seulement 10 visites).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce comportement sugg\u00e8re qu&rsquo;<em>Anopheles gambiae<\/em> tire probablement son \u00e9nergie d&rsquo;autres parties de la plante plus souvent que des fleurs. L&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un pollinisateur \u00e9tant largement d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par sa fr\u00e9quence de visite des fleurs, on peut conclure qu&rsquo;<em>Anopheles gambiae<\/em> n&rsquo;est peut-\u00eatre pas un pollinisateur efficace.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conclusion&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien que les moustiques <em>Anopheles gambiae<\/em> soient capables de ramasser du pollen dans un environnement contr\u00f4l\u00e9, leurs visites peu fr\u00e9quentes aux fleurs dans la nature indiquent qu&rsquo;il est peu probable qu&rsquo;ils jouent un r\u00f4le important dans la pollinisation. Leur principale source d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie semble provenir des feuilles et d&rsquo;autres parties de plantes.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le bourdonnement aigu d&rsquo;un moustique \u00e9voque g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les piq\u00fbres qui d\u00e9mangent et la maladie mortelle qu&rsquo;est le paludisme, ainsi que d&rsquo;autres infections virales comme la dengue, le zika et le chikungunya. Si ces associations sont bien connues, on sait moins que les moustiques peuvent \u00eatre des mangeurs occasionnels de plantes.&nbsp;&nbsp; Les moustiques m\u00e2les et femelles [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","featured_image_focal_point":[],"_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[113],"profile_tax":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-18173","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-blog","7":"country-ghana","9":"post_writers-thomas-gyimah","10":"post_writers-thomas-gyimah-fr"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le moustique Anopheles gambiae peut-il polliniser ? Une exploration scientifique\u00a0 - Target Malaria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/can-the-anopheles-gambiae-mosquito-pollinate-a-scientific-exploration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le moustique Anopheles gambiae peut-il polliniser ? Une exploration scientifique\u00a0 - Target Malaria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le bourdonnement aigu d&rsquo;un moustique \u00e9voque g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les piq\u00fbres qui d\u00e9mangent et la maladie mortelle qu&rsquo;est le paludisme, ainsi que d&rsquo;autres infections virales comme la dengue, le zika et le chikungunya. Si ces associations sont bien connues, on sait moins que les moustiques peuvent \u00eatre des mangeurs occasionnels de plantes.&nbsp;&nbsp; Les moustiques m\u00e2les et femelles [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/fr\/latest\/blog\/can-the-anopheles-gambiae-mosquito-pollinate-a-scientific-exploration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Target Malaria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TargetMalariaGlobal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-11T11:32:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-11T15:34:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ThomasG_BlogPic1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1743\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"591\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lorraine Gibson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TargetMalaria\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TargetMalaria\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lorraine Gibson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/latest\\\/blog\\\/can-the-anopheles-gambiae-mosquito-pollinate-a-scientific-exploration\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/latest\\\/blog\\\/can-the-anopheles-gambiae-mosquito-pollinate-a-scientific-exploration\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lorraine Gibson\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/targetmalaria.org\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/492d9f8e39a2bb31b5ac1b64b7581bb0\"},\"headline\":\"Le moustique Anopheles gambiae peut-il polliniser ? 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